1840 ca. The York To London Royal Mail. By A. Anson Martin. Mailcoach in the village of Bedale, Yorkshire, U.K. Church at the end of the wide country road and thatched cottages behind the coach. Signed and Inscribed ‘(All Right)’. Via British Postal Museum, London, U.K. ~ postal museum.org
The dreadful condition of British roads caused great apprehension to all classes of travelers. Making a journey anywhere in the country was a big undertaking and often a gentleman composed his last will and testament before his departure. Traveling in vehicles was only possible during the day or on the nights with very bright moonlight with few vehicles attempting road travel in winter and any travel on a Sunday was frowned upon. books2read.com/SuziLoveTravel
Description of Stage Coach Travel in England. via 1815 Journal Tour of Great Britain. “The gentlemen coachmen, with half-a dozen great coats about them, immense capes, a large nosegay at the button-hole, high mounted on an elevated seat, with squared elbows, a prodigious whip, beautiful horses, four in hand, drive in a file to Salthill, a place about twenty miles from London, and return, stopping in the way at the several public-houses and gin-shops where stage-coachmen are in the habit of stopping for a dram, and for parcels and passengers on the top of the others as many as seventeen persons. These carriages are not suspended, but rest on steel springs, of a flattened oval shape, less easy than the old mode of leathern braces on springs. Some of these stage coaches carry their baggage below the level of the axletree.”
George, Prince of Wales (1762-1830), later George IV. By Mather Byles Brown (1761-1831) via Royal Collection, London, U.K.
The decision to make Prince George the Regent took a lot of political debate. After nearly two and a half months of political wrangling, the British government agreed to grant the title of Prince Regent on George. The Act of Parliament was finally passed by a commission in the House of Lords on February 5th 1811 and the Prince was formally sworn in as Regent at Carlton House the next day. He continued to rule as Regent until 1820 when, on his father’s death, he assumed the title George IV and reigned until his own death in 1830.
The British Regency was the period from 1811-1820. King George III was deemed mad and unfit to rule so his son became his proxy, the Prince Regent, or Prinny to his close friends. This was the situation when Jane Austen was alive. The Regency Era was famous for its beautiful clothing as well as the magnificent buildings erected and furnished in the ‘Regency Style’ under orders from the extravagant Prince Regent.
1820 July 6th View of London Bridge and Custom House with Margate steam yachts, London, U.K. Hand colored By artists and Engravers, P. and D. Colnaghi and Co Ltd and Co (publishers) and R. Havell and Son. via Royal Museums Greenwich. collections.rmg.co.uk
1809 October A fine cambric or Indian muslin high-gown, with long sleeves and falling collar, ornamented at the feet and around the neck with appliquéd lace or needle work. Deep amber broach or gold filigree buckle, confining the dress at the throat and waist, with bracelets to match. Gold chain and opera glass. The woodland hat of fine plaited straw or chip, with ostrich feather falling on one side. A French cloak of bright purple sarsnet or velvet, lined with amber or rose, and trimmed entirely round with black lace and beading. Parasol, with deep amber awning. Shoes and gloves of buff kid. Fashion Plate via Rudolph Ackermann’s ‘The Repository of Arts’.
1800s White Evening Dress. Long train on the dress, gold sash, evening hair style, and carrying a fan. via The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Definition Empire Style Dress: Named after the First Empire in France. Empire dresses had a low neckline and skirts started directly under the bust and flowed into the classical relaxed wide styles of Greece and Rome. This style of dress is associated with Jane Austen and her contemporaries as a high-waisted dress was worn most days. Cotton, silk or taffeta were the popular fabrics. Only the very wealthy could afford white dress in this style as the cottons were imported from India and had to be carefully cleaned, usually by a lady’s maid.
1811-1820 Regency Era Overview. The British Regency was the period from 1811-1820. King George III was deemed mad and unfit to rule so his son became his proxy, the Prince Regent, or Prinny to his close friends. This was the era during which Jane Austen wrote her books. Books that are still read and discussed today.
As a period in Britain’s official history, the Regency lasted less than ten years, although scholars apply the term Regency to a much longer period. It began in 1811, when George Ill was declared mad and the Prince of Wales was appointed Regent. It ended in 1820 when the King finally died and the Regent was crowned George IV. However, the Regency was a period in Britain’s history that had an effect on the social and cultural life for four decades, from the start of the French Revolution in 1789 to the passing of Britain’s Great Reform Act in 1832.
The decision to make George IV the Regent took a lot of political debate. After nearly two and a half months of political wrangling, the British government agreed to grant the title of Prince Regent on George. The Act of Parliament was finally passed by a commission in the House of Lords on February 5th 1811 and the Prince was formally sworn in as Regent at Carlton House the next day. He continued to rule as Regent until 1820 when, on his father’s death, he assumed the title George IV and reigned until his own death in 1830.
During the Regency, royalty and upper class ladies and lords, or the Beau Monde, lived elegant and extravagant lives that also allowed excesses and depravity. Britain was united behind exceptional heroes in long wars against France, but internally divided by class distinction and political agitation. The foundations of a modem industrial nation were laid by engineers, inventors and scientists. while Romantic poets and visionary artists dreamt of escape to earlier times and more ideal worlds. From: Queen’s Gallery, London, U.K.
1811-1820 Regency Era Overview. The British Regency was the period from 1811-1820. King George III was deemed mad and unfit to rule so his son became his proxy, the Prince Regent, or Prinny to his close friends. The Prince Regent was often a figure of ridicule in Jane Austen’s times and featured regularly in caricatures, or cartoons, as a fat man who overindulged in everything and spent an exorbitant amount of money.
As a period in Britain’s official history, the Regency lasted less than ten years, although scholars apply the term Regency to a much longer period. It began in 1811, when George Ill was declared mad and the Prince of Wales was appointed Regent. It ended in 1820 when the King finally died and the Regent was crowned George IV. However, the Regency was a period in Britain’s history that had an effect on the social and cultural life for four decades, from the start of the French Revolution in 1789 to the passing of Britain’s Great Reform Act in 1832.
The decision to make George IV the Regent took a lot of political debate. After nearly two and a half months of political wrangling, the British government agreed to grant the title of Prince Regent on George. The Act of Parliament was finally passed by a commission in the House of Lords on February 5th 1811 and the Prince was formally sworn in as Regent at Carlton House the next day. He continued to rule as Regent until 1820 when, on his father’s death, he assumed the title George IV and reigned until his own death in 1830.
During the Regency, royalty and upper class ladies and lords, or the Beau Monde, lived elegant and extravagant lives that also allowed excesses and depravity. Britain was united behind exceptional heroes in long wars against France, but internally divided by class distinction and political agitation. The foundations of a modem industrial nation were laid by engineers, inventors and scientists. while Romantic poets and visionary artists dreamt of escape to earlier times and more ideal worlds. From: Queen’s Gallery, London, U.K. For more on this, take a look at my book Regency Overview. https://books2read.com/suziloveROver
1820 ca. Groups of Dandies fashionably dressed. Hand Colored etching. Published By J. Le Petit, Dublin, U.K. Via British Museum, London, UK. britishmuseum.org (PD-Art)
1820 Dandies. Hand Colored etching. Published By J.Le Petit, Dublin, U.K. Via British Museum, London, UK. britishmuseum.org (PD-Art)
A dandy is a man who places a lot of importance on his appearance, on having refined language living his life in a leisurely manner. A dandy didn’t have to be an aristocrat. He could also be a middle class man or a self-made man of wealth who could afford to place all his emphasis on his clothing and his leisure time.
From the finish of the 18th century until 1820, men’s fashions in European and European-influenced countries moved away from the formal wear of brocades, lace, wigs and powder to more informal and relaxed styles. Focus was on undress rather than formal dress. Typical menswear in the early 1800s included a tailcoat, a vest or waistcoat, either breeches, pants, or the newer trousers, stockings, shoes or boots, all worn with an overcoat and hat. This basic ensemble was accessorized with some form of neckcloth or cravat, gloves, walking stick, cane or riding crop, handkerchief, fobs, watch and perhaps a quizzing glass or eye glass.
Skirted coats were replaced with short-fronted, or cutaway, tailcoats worn over fitted waistcoats and plain, white linen shirts. Knee breeches were gradually replaced by tight-fitting pantaloons and later trousers, decorative shoes with buckles were replaced with a variety of boot styles, and fussy and ruffled neckwear gave way to intricately tied, white linen neck cloths. A Regency Era, or early 1800s, gentleman was outfitted in more practical fabrics, such as wool, cotton and buckskin rather than the fussy brocades and silks of the late 1700s.
1810 Stockdale’s Peerage King George William Frederick III. From Stockdale’s Peerage of England, Scotland and Wales. Containing an Account of All the Peers of the United Kingdom . via Google Books Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly, London, U.K.
1804 King George III. via Kearsley’s Complete Peerage. Google Books (PD-180)
Our present Most Gracious Sovereign, was born May 24, 1738 and baptized June, 1738, at Norfolk House. Succeeded his father in the titles of Prince of Great Britain, Electoral Prince of Brunswick-Lunenburg, Duke of Edinburgh, Marquis of the Isle of Ely, Earl of Carrick and Eltham, Viscount Launceston, Baron of Renfrew and Snowdon, Lord of the Isles, and Steward of Scotland ; but the Duchy ot Cornwall was merged in the crown. He was, by letters patent, April zr, 1751, created Prince of Wales ; and on the death of his royal grandfather, George II. the crown of Great Britain devolved on his Royal Highness, Oct. z$, 1760, and he was proclaimed the next day with the usual solemnities. His Majesty married, Sept. 8, 1 76 1 , Sophia-Charlotte, Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelit, sister to the present and late Duke, and their Majesties were crowned the 22d of the same month.
By his royal Consort, who was born May 19, 174.4, his Majesty has issue :
1. GEORGE- AUGUSTUS- FREDERICK, Prince of Wales. See Prince of Wales.
2. Frederick, Bishop of Osnaburg, Duke of York ; see Duke of York.
3. William-Henry, Duke of Clarence; see Duke of Clarence,
4. Charlotte-Augusta- Matilda, born Sept. 29, 1766, Lady of the Russian Imperial Order of St. Catherine ; married, May 18, 1797, Frederick-Charles-William, King of Wirtemburg, brother to the Empress of Russia, and relict of the eldest daughter of the Duke of Brunswick, by Augusta, his Majesty King George the third’s eldest sister.
5. Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathern; see Duke of Kent.
6. Sophia-Augusta, born Nov. 8, 1768.
7. Elizabeth, born May 22, 1770.
8. Ernest-Augustus, Duke of Cumberland ; see Duke of Cumberland.
9. Augustus-Frederick, Duke of Sussex ; see Duke of Sussex.
10. Adolphus-Frederick, Duke of Cambridge; sec Duke of Cambridge.
11. Mary, born April 25, 177*.
I2. Sophia, born Nov. 3, 1777. 1
13. Octavius, born Feb. 23, 1779, and died May 3, 1783.
14 Alfred, born Sept 22, 1780, and died Aug. zo, 1782. .
15. Amelia, born Aug. 7, 1783.
PRINCE OF WALES.
GEORGE- AUGUSTUS -FREDERICK, Prince of Great Britain, Prince of Wales, Electoral Prince of Brunswick- Lunenburg, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, Earl of Chester and Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Hereditary Great Steward of Scotland, a Colonel in the Army, and Colonel ef the 10th Regiment of Light Dragoons, Captain-General of the Royal Artillery Company, High Steward o! Plymouth, Knight of the Garter, and F. R. S. Born Aug. 12,1762; and, on the 17th of the same month, his Majesty ordered letters patent for creating him Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester ; and Nov. 1783, his Royal Highness took his seat in the House of Peers ; in 1765, elected a Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and installed at Windsor, July 25, 1771. Married, April 8, 1795, Caroline-Amelia- Elizabeth, second daughter of the late Duke of Brunswick (born May 17, 1768), by whom he has a daughter, Charlotte-Caroline-Augusta- born Jan 7, 1796. Edward, the Black Prince, was the first Duke of Cornwall, created 1337, in perpetuity to his heirs; by virtue of which the eldest son of the King of England is Duke of Cornwall. The Earldom of Chester is by creation by letters patent 3 1 Henry III. 1247, and has been invariably annexed to the eldest son of the King of England. The titles of Hereditary Steward of Scotland, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, and Baron of Renfrew, were titles annexed by B’ belt III. King of Scotland, 1399, to the eldest to the eldest Prince of Scotland, on his birth, and have continued from that period. The title of Prince of Wales was first conferred on the infant son of Edward I 1284, and has never been bestowed but on the heir to the Throne.
DUKE OF YORK. PRINCE FREDERICK, Duka of YORK and ALBANY in Great Britain, and Earl of Ulster in Ireland, Bishop of Osnaburg, Knight of the Garter and Bath, D. C L. F. R. S. and a Field-Marshal, Colonel of trie First Regiment of Foot Guards, Colonel in Chief of the sixtieth (or. Royal American) Regiment of Foot, and of the Royal Dublin Regiment of in.fantiry, Lord Warden of Windsor Forest and Great Park, and Warden and Keeper of the New Forest, Hampshire ; second son of his Majesty. Born Aug. 16, 1763. Created as above Nov. 27, 1784. Married, Sept. 29, 1791, Frederica Charlotte- Ulrica-Catharina, Princess Royal of Prussia (born May 7, 1767), eldest daughter to the late King of Prussia, by his first consort, Elizabeth-Ulrica-Christiana, Princess of Brunswick- Wolfen- buttel, sister to the late Duke.
DUKE OF CLARENCE.
PRINCE-WILLIAM-HENRY, Duke of CLARENCE and x ST. ANDREWS in Great Britain, and Earl of Munster in Ireland, Knight of the Garter and Thistle, Admiral of the Red, and Ranger of Bushy Park ; third son of his Majesty. Born Aug. 21, 1765. Created as above, May 16, 1785.
DUKE OF KENT.
PRINCE EDWARD, Duke of KENT and STRATHERN Great Britain, Earl of Dublin in Ireland, fourth son of his Majesty, Knight of the Garter and of St. Patrick, Field-Marshal of the Forces, Governor of Gibraltar, Colonel of the First Regiment of Foot, Keeper and Paler 0/ Hampton Court Park. Born Nov. 2, 1767. Created as above, April 23, 1790. Arms.
DUKE OF CUMBERLAND. PRINCE ERNEST-AUGUSTUS, Duke of CUMBERLAND and TlVIOTDALE in Great Britain, Earl of Armagh in Ireland, fifth son of his Majesty, a Knight of the Garter, and D. C. L. Chancellor of the University of Dublin, a General in the Army, and Colonel of the 15th Regiment of Dragoons. Born June 5, 1771. Created as above, April 43, 1799. Arms.
DUKE OF SUSSEX.
PRINCE AUGUSTUS-FREDERICK, Duke of SUSSEX, Earl of Inverness in North Britain, Baron Arklow in Ireland, Knight of the Garter. Born Jan. 27, 1773, sixth son of his Majesty. Created as above, Nov. 7, 1801. His Royal Highness married, April 3, 1793, Augusta Murray, second daughter of John Earl of Dunmore, by whom he had Augustus-Frederick, born Jan. 13, 1794; and was re-married Dec 5, 1793, at St. George’s church, Hanover Square, London. This marriage was declared null and void, being in violation of stat. 12 Geo. III. c. 11. which enacts that no descendant of the body of King George II. (other than the issue of princesses married into foreign countries) is capable of contracting. matrimony without the previous consent of the King, signified under the great seal ; and any marriage contracted without such consent is void. And the marriage was accordingly dissolved in August 1794. Arms. — See plate 3.
DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE. PRINCE ADOLPHUS- FREDERICK, Duke of CAMBRIDGE, Earl of Tipperary in Ireland, and Baron of Culloden in North Britain, seventh son of his Majesty. Born Feb. 24, 1 774. Knight of the Garter, a General in the Army, Colonel of the id or Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards. Created as above, Nov. 27, 1801.
DUKE OF GLOUCESTER.
PRINCE WILLIAM-FREDERICK, DUKE of GLOUCESTER and EDINBURGH in Great Britain, Earl of Connaught in Ireland, Knight of the Garter, a General in the Army, Colonel of the third- Regiment of Foot Guards, and Ranger of Bagshot Park and Walk. Born at Rome, Jan.-J5, 1776. Succeeded his father, Prince William-Henry, the, late Duke, Aug. 25,. 1805. His Royal Highness’s father, Prince William-Henry, Duke of Gloucester, was third son of his Royal Highness Frederick- Lewis, Prince of Wales, and brother to his Majesty ; born, Nov. 25, 1743, and by patent Nov. 14, 1764, created Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh in Great Britain, Earl 0/ Connaught In Ireland, Knight of the Garter, Senior Field-Marshal of his Majesty’s Forces, Colonel of the first Regiment of Foot Guards, Chancellor of the University of Dublin, Ranger and Keeper of Cranbourne Chase, Ranger of Hampton Court Park, Lord Warden and Keeper of the New Forest, Hampshire. His Royal Highness married, Sept. 6, 1766, Maria, Countess Dowager of Waldegrave, widow of James, second Earl of Waldegrave, and daughter of Sir Edward Walpole, Knight of the Bath, and by her (who died Aug. 23, 1807) had issue: (• Sophia-Matilda, born May 29, 1773-; 2. Caroline- Augusta- Maria, born June 24, 1774, died March 14, 1775; 3.Wil liam-Frederick, the present Duke. His Royal Highness died Aug. 25, 1805, and was succeeded by his only son, Prince William-Frederick, the present and second Duke. Anms.
The King’s sons, brothers, uncles, and nephews are Styled Princes of the Blood Royal, and have precedency of all other Dukes, with the title of Royal Highness.