{"id":18361,"date":"2026-02-12T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/suzilove.wordpress.com\/?p=18361"},"modified":"2026-01-30T09:32:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T23:32:11","slug":"1552-onwards-covent-garden-london-england-britishhistory-london-coventgarden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.suzilove.com\/?p=18361","title":{"rendered":"1552 Onwards Covent Garden, London, England. #BritishHistory #London #CoventGarden"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Covent &nbsp;Garden is within the London boroughs of&nbsp;Westminster&nbsp;and&nbsp;Camden, and the parliamentary constituencies of&nbsp;Cities of London and Westminster&nbsp;and&nbsp;Holborn and St Pancras. The district is divided by the main thoroughfare of&nbsp;Long Acre, north of which is given over to independent shops centred on&nbsp;Neal&#8217;s Yard&nbsp;and&nbsp;Seven Dials, while the south contains the central square with its street performers and most of the elegant buildings, theatres and entertainment facilities, including the&nbsp;Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and the&nbsp;London Transport Museum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1552, the land was seized by&nbsp;Henry VIII and granted to the&nbsp;Earls of Bedford. The&nbsp;4th Earl&nbsp; commissioned&nbsp;Inigo Jones&nbsp;to build fine houses to attract wealthy tenants. It was the first modern square in London, with Italian arcades and a flat, open space or&nbsp;piazza&nbsp;with low railings. This layout was copied in other new estates in London. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/suzilove.wordpress.com\/covent_john_russell_1st_earl_of_bedford_by_follower_of_john_bettes\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_john_russell_1st_earl_of_bedford_by_follower_of_john_bettes.jpg?w=364\" alt=\"1555 John Russell, 1st Earl Of Bedford. By a follower of John Bettes. Given land of Covent Garden by Herny VIII after the dissolution of the Monasteries.\" class=\"wp-image-18390\" style=\"width:307px;height:439px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1555 John Russell, 1st Earl Of Bedford. By a follower of John Bettes. Given land of Covent Garden by Herny VIII after the dissolution of the Monasteries.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/suzilove.wordpress.com\/covent_1650_the-piazza-of-covent-garden-about-1650-as-engraved-by-wenceslaus-hollar-courtesy-university-of-toronto-_lge_sml\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_1650_the-piazza-of-covent-garden-about-1650-as-engraved-by-wenceslaus-hollar.-courtesy-university-of-toronto._lge_sml.png?w=608\" alt=\"1650 The piazza of Covent Garden about 1650, as engraved by Wenceslaus Hollar. Courtesy University of Toronto.\" class=\"wp-image-18383\" style=\"width:318px;height:366px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1650 The piazza of Covent Garden about 1650, as engraved by Wenceslaus Hollar. Courtesy University of Toronto.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/suzilove.wordpress.com\/covent_1721-1789_stpaulschurchcoventgardenfrombetweentwoarchesof-the-plaza_watercolorwithgreywash_bythomassandy_britishmuseum\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_1721-1789_stpaulschurchcoventgardenfrombetweentwoarchesof-the-plaza_watercolorwithgreywash_bythomassandy_britishmuseum.png?w=567\" alt=\"1721-1789 ca. St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden, London, U.K. From between two arches of the plaza. Watercolor with grey wash. By Thomas Sandy. Via Suzi Love suzilove.com &amp; British Museum, London, UK. britishmuseum.org\" class=\"wp-image-18384\" style=\"width:294px;height:403px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1721-1789 ca. St. Paul&#8217;s Church, Covent Garden, London, U.K. From between two arches of the plaza. Watercolor with grey wash. By Thomas Sandy. Via British Museum, London, UK. britishmuseum.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_1800s_early-covent-garden-market-london-uk.-suzilove.com_lge_sml.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_1800s_early-covent-garden-market-london-uk.-suzilove.com_lge_sml.png?w=700\" alt=\"1800s Early Covent Garden Market, London, U.K.\" class=\"wp-image-18385\" style=\"width:343px;height:216px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1800s Early Covent Garden Market, London, U.K. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1654, an open-air fruit and vegetable market grew on the south side of the fashionable square but over time the market and the surrounding area fell into disrepute. Taverns, theatres, coffee-houses and brothels opened up, the gentry moved away, and rakes, wits and playwrights moved in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the 18th century Covent Garden had become a well-known red-light district, attracting notable prostitutes such as&nbsp;Betty Careless&nbsp;and&nbsp;Jane Douglas.&nbsp;Descriptions of the prostitutes and where to find them were provided by&nbsp;<em>Harris&#8217;s List of Covent Garden Ladies<\/em>, the &#8220;essential guide and accessory for any serious gentleman of pleasure&#8221;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Covent Garden\u2019s market was always disorderly, the buildings in bad shape, and overcrowded with stalls, donkeys, carts, and peddlers. The small number of passageways into the piazza were small and with bottle necks of carts moving goods and market sellers fighting for right of way. The markets supplied fruits and vegetables, mostly homegrown but with imported goods increasing. Many sellers missed paying tolls for selling in the piazza or refused to pay them so the owner, the Earl of Bedford, took many people to court for not paying tolls. He realized the markets were in such poor condition that he couldn&#8217;t charge sellers until he improved them. In 1830, a new market hall was built with sections dividing the kind of goods sold which did improve things, but the markets remained chaotic. By 1890, people were again complaining about the narrow streets and congestion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Covent Garden\u2019s flower girls attracted attention by shouting:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>Two bundles a penny, primroses<\/em>!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>Sweet violets, penny a bunch!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1851, Henry Mayhew wrote <em>London Labour and the London Poor<\/em> describing two types of flower girl. The young girls, or waifs, sold flowers to feed the family. The other type of flower girl stayed out late,  doubled as prostitutes, and had bad reputations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> In 1913,&nbsp;Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford&nbsp;agreed to sell the Covent Garden Estate for \u00a32 million to the MP and land speculator&nbsp;Harry Mallaby-Deeley, who sold his option in 1918 to the&nbsp;Beecham&nbsp;family for \u00a3250,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/suzilove.wordpress.com\/covent_1809_view-of-the-new-covent-garden-theatre-from-hart-street-showing-the-kings-entrance_watercolourdrawn-by-james-winston-1_lge_sml\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_1809_view-of-the-new-covent-garden-theatre-from-hart-street-showing-the-kings-entrance_watercolourdrawn-by-james-winston-1_lge_sml.png?w=700\" alt=\"1809 View Of the New Covent Garden Theatre, London. From Hart Street, showing the King's entrance. Watercolor drawn by James Winston. via British Museum.\" class=\"wp-image-18368\" style=\"width:349px;height:267px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1809 View Of the New Covent Garden Theatre, London. From Hart Street, showing the King&#8217;s entrance. Watercolor drawn by James Winston. via British Museum. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/suzilove.wordpress.com\/covent_1811_birdeyeviewcoventgarden__lge_lge\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_1811_birdeyeviewcoventgarden__lge_lge.png?w=1024\" alt=\"1811 Bird\u2019s Eye View of Covent Garden Market, London, UK. Main fruit, flower and vegetable market in London in early 19th century. Began here in 1656 with few temporary stalls in back garden of home of Earl of Bedford. Charles II granted market lease and in 1678 bought by Adam Piggot and others who built permanent stalls. By 1811, smelly, dirty, and overcrowded. Engraver J. Bluck. After Augustus Charles Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson published by Ackermann. Via Suzi Love suzilove.com &amp; British Museum, London, UK. britishmuseum.org\" class=\"wp-image-18369\" style=\"width:353px;height:299px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1811 Bird\u2019s Eye View of Covent Garden Market, London, UK. Main fruit, flower and vegetable market in London in early 19th century. Began here in 1656 with few temporary stalls in back garden of home of Earl of Bedford. Charles II granted market lease and in 1678 bought by Adam Piggot and others who built permanent stalls. By 1811, smelly, dirty, and overcrowded. Engraver J. Bluck. After Augustus Charles Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson published by Ackermann. Via British Museum, London, UK. britishmuseum.org\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/07\/covent_1827_coventgarden-market-westminster-london_lge_lge.png\" alt=\"1827 Covent Garden Market, Westminster, London, U.K.  By Frederick James Havell. \" class=\"wp-image-17554\" style=\"width:399px;height:253px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1827 Covent Garden Market, Westminster, London, U.K. By Frederick James Havell.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1830, Charles Fowler&#8217;s neo-classical building was erected to cover the market and as the market grew, the prostitutes moved on. The Floral Hall and Charter Market were added and the Jubilee Market in 1904.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/suzilove.wordpress.com\/covent_1835-covent-garden-watch-house-london-uk-1-next-to-the-church-of-st-pauls-church-covent-garden-two-story-white-building-with-watch-house-painted-on-its-upper-floor-is-shown-with-a\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_1835-covent-garden-watch-house-london-uk-1.-next-to-the-church-of-st.-pauls-church-covent-garden.-two-story-white-building-with-watch-house-painted-on-its-upper-floor-is-shown-wit.jpg?w=550\" alt=\"1835 Covent Garden Watch House, London, UK. Next to the church of St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden. Two story white building with 'Watch House' painted on its upper floor is shown with a lively street scene in the foreground. via Museum of London.\" class=\"wp-image-18387\" style=\"width:293px;height:427px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1835 Covent Garden Watch House, London, UK. Next to the church of St. Paul&#8217;s Church, Covent Garden. Two story white building with &#8216;Watch House&#8217; painted on its upper floor is shown with a lively street scene in the foreground. via Museum of London.\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/suzilove.wordpress.com\/covent_1852_jmwturners-birthplace-inmaiden-lanecoventgarden_lge_sml\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/suzilove.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/08\/covent_1852_jmwturners-birthplace-inmaiden-lanecoventgarden_lge_sml.png?w=419\" alt=\"1852 J.M.W. Turner\u2019s birthplace in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden. Brick terraced house at night with a figure in top hat walking past and two figures with a candlelight in the doorway_Watercolour with body color over graphite. Drawn by John Wykeham Archer.\" class=\"wp-image-18388\" style=\"width:284px;height:474px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> 1852 J.M.W. Turner\u2019s birthplace in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden. Brick terraced house at night with a figure in top hat walking past and two figures with a candlelight in the doorway_Watercolour with body color over graphite. Drawn by John Wykeham Archer.  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1913,Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford&nbsp;agreed to sell the Covent Garden Estate for \u00a32 million to the MP and land speculator&nbsp;Harry Mallaby-Deeley, who sold his option in 1918 to the&nbsp;Beecham&nbsp;family for \u00a3250,000. By the end of the 1960s, traffic had become congested until in 1974 the market relocated to the&nbsp;New Covent Garden Market&nbsp;about three miles (5&nbsp;km) south-west at&nbsp;Nine Elms. In 1980, the central building re-opened as a shopping centre and then became a tourist location with cafes, pubs, small shops, a craft market called the Apple Market, and another market in the Jubilee Hall.<\/p>\n\n\n<span class='bctt-click-to-tweet'><span class='bctt-ctt-text'><a href='https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?text=1552%20Onwards%20Covent%20Garden%2C%20London%2C%20England.%20%23BritishHistory%20%23London%20%23CoventGarden%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.books2read.com%2FsuziloveROver&#038;related&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suzilove.com%2F%3Fp%3D18361' target='_blank'rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1552 Onwards Covent Garden, London, England. #BritishHistory #London #CoventGarden https:\/\/www.books2read.com\/suziloveROver <\/a><\/span><a href='https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?text=1552%20Onwards%20Covent%20Garden%2C%20London%2C%20England.%20%23BritishHistory%20%23London%20%23CoventGarden%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.books2read.com%2FsuziloveROver&#038;related&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suzilove.com%2F%3Fp%3D18361' target='_blank' class='bctt-ctt-btn'rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Share on X<\/a><\/span>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books2read.com\/suziloveROver\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.suzilove.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/d2d_retailerbuylink_rl_over.png\" alt=\"RL_1_D2D_Regency Overview RetailerLinks\nhttps:\/\/books2read.com\/suziloveROver\" class=\"wp-image-21132\" width=\"373\" height=\"155\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">RL_1_D2D_Regency Overview RetailerLinks\nhttps:\/\/books2read.com\/suziloveROver<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1552 Onwards Covent Garden, London, England. #BritishHistory #London #CoventGarden<\/p>\n <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.suzilove.com\/?p=18361\"><span class=\"more-msg\">Continue reading &rarr;<\/span><\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[971,964,497,572,494,483,515,476,547,469,488],"tags":[828,65,121,636,145,190,467,206,264,642,516,486,715,707],"class_list":["post-18361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1700s","category-1800s","category-england","category-food-and-drink","category-georgian-era","category-history","category-london","category-regency-era","category-romantic-era","category-suzi-love-images","category-victorian-era","tag-1700s","tag-19th-century","tag-british-history","tag-british-museum","tag-covent-garden","tag-food","tag-georgian-era","tag-google-books","tag-london","tag-museum-of-london","tag-regency-london","tag-suzi-love-images","tag-theatre","tag-wikimedia-commons"],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"Suzi Love","author_link":"https:\/\/www.suzilove.com\/?author=1"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - 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